Risks of youth internet use

Risks of youth internet use MURPHY 1 The internet and various social networking sites, specifically, have seen a surge in activity from adolescents and young adults in the past few years. Individuals, ages ten years old to thirty years old, are the main users of these social networking sites. These same individuals either view or post themselves involved in some kind of challenge game for the amusement of themselves or others. People see these games as fun and entertaining to watch; however, some of these games are very dangerous. Many of these individuals experience peer pressure at the hands of their friends and family to do these challenges. To determine how peer pressure and challenge games affect these people, we must define peer pressure, look at those who are the most susceptible, look at the evolution of these challenge games, and how these games can have detrimental effects on those who engage in them Peer pressure, or peer influence, is the persistent and persuasive verbiage or tactics used by a group of individuals known as a peer group to encourage other individuals to change their values, beliefs, or actions in exchange for acceptance into said peer group. According to Calvà ³-Armengol and Jackson, there are two types of peer pressure. One is positive and the other is negative. In the case of positive pressure, â€Å"the pressure exerted by one agent reduces the cost that other agents face for taking a particular action, thus encouraging other agents to take the action. Essentially, this is like subsidizing other agents’ activity. In the case of negative pressure, the pressure exerted by one agent increases other agents’ costs of not taking an action. That is, one way to encourage an agent to take an action is to make it more costly for him or her not to take the action.† Calvà ³-Armengol and Jackson states that positive and negative peer pressure have m ore nuanced differences and similarities. They also suggest looking at the intentions rather than the actions of the person. However, for the scope of this paper, we will look at the basic definition of negative peer pressure where one agent makes it costly for another agent to not take action. When considering those who are the most susceptible to peer pressure, several areas surface such as the person’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and the atmosphere at the person’s home. Rihtaric and Kamenov places these factors into four different categories, â€Å"adolescent’s openness to influence, salience of peers who exert pressure, adolescent’s ability or opportunity to perform, and relationship dynamics.† Openness is chiefly a personality trait that determines a person’s willingness to try new things and have new experiences. Being open to influences is not inherently a bad thing; however, if left unmonitored or improperly monitored, the adolescent could experience negative effects in their personalities and their actions. The adolescent being open to influence could result in them being urged and encouraged to act in ways that they would not normally act. Adolescents with low will power will often conform and fall victim to peer pressure. According to Berk, due to school, jobs, and other factors, adolescents spend less time with close family members and more time with their peers. Adolescents often seek intimacy or psychological closeness, loyalty, mutual understandings, beliefs, and feelings from their peers. The peer group, then, strengthens with each criterion that the person meets. With the internet now being no more than a hands reach, finding friends on social networking sites often supplement actual friends. In some cases, to adolescents, these internet relationships are the closest adolescents have to actual friends. In other cases, these cyber friends are just as important as real friends are. Berk states that it is because of this closeness and the need to be close that increases the susceptibility in many adolescents for facing degrading racial and ethnic slurs, potentially harmful social experiences, sexually obscene remarks, and even peer pressure. To find the group that is the most susceptible, you must look at the individual’s attachment style. There are two different forms of attachment, secure and insecure. Those with a secure attachment style seem to have peer relationships that are low in peer pressure. This may be due to the more positive choices and influences that someone with a secure attachment has. â€Å"The results of several studies favor the assumption that susceptibility to peer pressure concerning misconduct could be higher among adolescents with insecure attachment.† (Calvà ³-Armengol Jackson, 2010) Susceptibility increases with the insecure attachment anxious type. For both males and females, susceptibility increases if they have anxiety about their relationships and the group’s perception of them if they do not go along with the crowd. Research has also shown that insecure attachment to peers or parents correlated with high alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and drug abuse among a dolescents. For males, there seems to be more openness to engage in misconduct than their female counterparts. There is an even higher chance to engage in misconduct if the male’s friends ask them to do so. Females are susceptible to peer pressure but not to the extent of males. Essentially, adolescents are the group that is most susceptible to deviant behavior and misconduct because of peer pressure and peer influence. This influence seems to be greater in males than in females. It is even greater if males or females experience anxiety about their social standing in their peer group. Challenge games are tasks where a person or groups of people perform some feat, often of stupidity, for the amusement of themselves and others. The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge is one of the more recent challenge games that brings awareness to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, also known as ALS or Lou Gehrigs disease, which is a debilitating progressive and degenerative neuromuscular disease. In this challenge, people were to record themselves dumping a bucket filled with ice water over themselves and nominating three other friends for the challenge or donating money to the ALS foundation. This fad spread like wildfire and almost every social media outlet filled with ALS Ice Bucket Challenge videos seemingly overnight. People posted these videos so that everybody could see exactly who has to do the challenge next. Those called out might not have had any money to donate or they did not want to be drenched in icy cold water. Those who received the challenge experienced peer pressure to donate or pouring water over their head. The pressure to perform came from them not wanting to seem insensitive to the goal of the ALS ice bucket challenge. Since this challenge was for charity, there was more of a receptive nature having multiple news outlets, athletic teams, schools, musicians, actors, and everybody in between performing the challenge. The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge is a harmless game; however, there are others with a higher chance to cause serious harm. There was the cinnamon challenge where the participant must hold a large amount of cinnamon in their mouths for a certain amount of time. Some people reported respiratory problems because of this game. Another game that many a pressured into is the knockout game. This was showcased in the media because children, most often adolescent males from low socioeconomic statuses and broken homes, in essence stalked a person, waited until it was clear, then ran up behind the person they were stalking and punched them as hard as they could. This often ended in multiple adolescents, predominantly male, going to detainment centers or jail. There are several more games of the likes of the Ice Bucket Challenge, Cinnamon Challenge, and the Knockout Challenge. All of the games vary in degree and severity. It could be as innocent as the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge or as severe as the Knockout Challenge. The common thread in all challenge games is the idea that to be a part of the collective, you must conform or do whatever they ask of you. This is especially hard for young adolescent, females, and especially males, who are the group that is most susceptible to peer pressure and influence. For both men and women, susceptibility to peer pressure often decreases with age and experience. This decrease in susceptibility comes from the development of more warm and positive relationships with people who exhibit low peer pressure abilities.

Financial Markets Assignment

FINANCIAL MARKETS & INSTITUTIONS ASSIGNMENT 1. Explain how interest rates decline following major Fed purchases of mortgage-backed securities. The FED implements quantitative easing by buying financial assets of longer maturity, e. g. , mortgage-backed securities, from commercial banks and other private institutions in order to inject a pre-determined quantity of money into the economy. This is a means of stimulating the economy and lowering longer-term interest rates further out on the yield curve; quantitative easing increases the excess reserves of the banks, and raises the prices of the financial assets bought, which lowers their yield.Graphically, this can be explained with the aid of Figure below. The supply of money is shifted from point 1 to the right (MS1 to MS2) and, all else equal, the new equilibrium point (with aggregate money demand curve) is at point 2, where the interest rate is lower. i i1 i2 AD1 MS1 MS2 Quantity of Money 2. What could be the implications of lower in terest rates for households and businesses? By implanting the policy of purchasing mortgage-backed securities, the FED has set its sight on increasing consumption and investment, which will ultimately increase employment.As described in question one Bernanke’s policy decreased interest rates to new record lows, encouraging borrowing for both businesses and households. The ability to borrow money at more attractive rates stimulates investment in durable consumer goods, such as automobiles, and in operational necessities such as buildings and capital equipment for businesses. Indeed, after the implementation of the policy mortgage applications increased significantly.Because of low interest rates households and businesses as investors could shift their preference away from bonds and into stocks. According to frbsf. org, the increase in stock trading volume has the effect of raising the value of existing stock portfolios, which in turn stimulates consumer and spending across the country due to the psychological effects of rapid capital appreciation. Lower interest rates can have negative effects on the value of the local currency compared to other currencies.As foreign investors dump their local-denominated investments in favor of more profitable currencies, exchange rates can shift to the detriment of the local currency. The weakening of the local currency serves to increase the attractiveness of local goods to foreign purchasers, which has the effect of boosting exports and international sales. All of the factors mentioned above have the combined effect of increasing productive output, or GDP, and increasing employment across a wide range of industries.As individuals, businesses and foreign investors are encouraged to spend more due to increased access to capital, higher portfolio valuations and weaker currency values, businesses in nearly every sector experience an increase in sales, often requiring them to grow their operations and employ additional la bor. However, there are some negative implications from this policy. Without a strong commitment to control inflation over the long run, the risk of higher inflation is one potential implication of experiencing real interest rates below the economy’s natural interest rate.Low interest rates provide a powerful incentive to spend rather than save. In the short term, this may not matter much, but over a longer period, low interest rates penalize savers and those who rely heavily on interest income. If short-term interest rates are low relatively to long-term rates, households and firms may overinvest in long-term assets, such as Treasury securities. If interest rates rise unexpectedly, the value of those assets will fall (bond prices and yields move in opposite directions), exposing investors to substantial losses.Finally, low short-term interest rates reduce the profitability of money market funds, which are key providers of short-term credit for many (large) firms, e. g. the c ommercial paper market. 3. Explain the Fed’s policy dilemma and try to rationalize why unemployment in the US is stubbornly high while inflation is low. Based on the theory of the Philip’s curve diagram we notice that there is an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. Stated simply the lower the unemployment in an economy the higher the rate of inflation.Philip’s Curve Inflation Unemployment The explanation of the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment is based on two assumptions. The first has to do with the fact that as unemployment rises there is no room for workers and labor unions to demand an increase so a wage inflation that would increase the prices of the final products cannot occur. Secondly high unemployment is a reflection of the decline in economic output and indicates an economy’s slowdown. Therefore competition among firms in recession will lead the prices at lower levels.But this is not the case currently in the US since we observe high unemployment and low inflation. The FED is concerned about the unemployment rate and in an effort to stimulate the economy and improve the labor market conditions it started implementing the quantitative easing policy. So the FED purchased MBS, helped banks to rebuilt their balance sheets, contributed into maintaining price stability, preserved interest rates near zero for more than three years, and prevented the economy from slipping into greater recession. Despite all these efforts the situation in the labor market did not improve.Apparently the fact that unemployment is still very high depicts the limitations of the monetary policy. The low business confidence, policy uncertainty, and the government’s reluctance to act are beyond the FED’s capacity. What is more the infinite use of the quantitative easing may produce undesirable effects in the long run such as stagflation. The only optimal solution under these circumstances is the co ordination of the FED’s monetary policy with the government’s fiscal policy plan that could boost the society’s confidence. . Do you think that another round of quantitative easing (QE) by the Fed would help stimulate the US economy? Please explain. The FED declared that the use of QE will be aggressively continued until the economy is improved. The cash injections into the economy helped interest rates to remain at low levels. Consequently everyone wins from this decision in the short run; homeowners can borrow at historical low levels of interest rate, corporations can also take advantage of this act and invest, consumption increased and also the banks increased their profits and the stocks record a growth. So as long as the QE is active in the short run everyone is a winner. But in the long run things become vague. First of all historical evidence shows that despite the fact that interest rates may be at levels near zero it remains uncertain whether this wil l be the incentive to boost the actual economy. Secondly the fact that consumers will have more money to spend but fewer goods to buy might lead to a hyper inflation.Furthermore by repeating the use of QE is very possible to lead to a liquidity trap, unless the economy finds ways to stimulate production. Last but not least the FED’s decision to inject cash into the economy by purchasing MBS is questionable; Mortgage backed securities entail the risk of defaulting once again as they did in the real estate crisis and that would cost the Americans a lot more money repeating the history that started back in the September of 2001. To sum up the use of QE is indeed very effective but only in the short run.Short periods of economic recession can be avoided by stimulating the economy temporarily through cash injections but to maintain growth on the real economy we need to improve labor market conditions, productivity, innovation and bolster the economy’s confidence. So a combi nation of fiscal and monetary policy is the only way to prevent an economy from collapsing, and also is this is the only way to avoid a possible systemic risk that will negatively affect all the institutions and individuals. . How is a loose Fed monetary policy in the US affecting fundamentals (such as inflation, asset and commodity prices) in other countries? What does that imply about global monetary policy? Since the dollar is the vehicle currency in the global economy almost every country is tied to its value and everyone is affected by the monetary decisions of the FED. By the QE, the supply of dollars is increased and consequently the dollar depreciates against foreign currencies.This means that America’s exports will increase and on the contrary the imports will decrease. So countries trading with the US fear about the capital inflows and the possible inflation on commodities. On the other hand the FED support that there can be no further inflation since the global eco nomy is in recession. Moreover countries experiencing huge capital inflows resulting in inflation can implement fiscal policy, such as imposing taxes, in order to contain the effects of foreign capital inflows which push up local stock prices and the currency itself.Every country should focus on its own monetary policy adjusting it to the problems that may experience. For example the US chose to inject more money in the economy. The results of such a decision are low interest rates, more exports but always with the risk of inflation. On the other hand a country experiencing high inflation might limit the money supply, increasing the interest rates with the risk of experiencing a decline in exports.

What Everybody Is Saying About Samples Movie Review Essay Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Everybody Is Saying About Samples Movie Review Essay Is Dead Wrong and Why Whatever They Told You About Samples Movie Review Essay Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why On the flip side, if you need to continue to keep your readers out of wasting their time on bad movies, you also must use your power of persuasion. Try to remember the point of an excellent review is to receive people interested in visiting the movie. Watching her blossom throughout the class of the film in this kind of unexpected manner is a real pleasure. Write about subjective camera work in the event the analysis is dealing with an area of the movie shot from the viewpoint of one of the characters. To start with, you are not going to find any top renowned actors and actresses in the cast. To create analytical skills attempt to ask more a question Why'' to what is going on in the movie and discover the answer by yourself. If you are certain that the movie is excellent and worth watching, you must be persuas ive enough as a way to convince your readers your evaluation is accurate. Without basic understanding, it's not possible to determine whether you'd love to observe the movie or not. Where to Find Samples Movie Review Essay There was not any dark political objective. Give a concise illustration of what is going to be discussed in the review and proceed to the thesis. Furthermore, a film review needs to be arranged in a certain way meaning you'll want to use the format indicated in the instructions given by your professor. Moreover, a credible movie review requires citations that have to get organized with respect to the rules of the chosen formatting style. In the movie, each significant group was represented by means of a student. Next step is to see the film. Critically engage the movie so you can effectively create a strong essay. When composing this kind of essay, you'll also have to express your opinion about the watched film. Being assigned a film analysis essay co uld just be the absolute most exciting assignment you've ever had! Writings about films are also quite popular. A standard writing assignment is an important review or analysis of films. It's apparent that the number of data you must keep in mind while preparing a film review essay is huge. You will have to ascertain the sort of essay you're going to be writing and which of the above mentioned analytical elements you will include. Both key kinds are the important essay and the theoretical essay. How to Choose Samples Movie Review Essay The introduction is easily the most appealing means of the way to begin a movie review, and contains the overview of the film and opinion which will be stated. The introduction for a movie review needs to be appealing, so the reader can find the feel of wanting to read more. In our opinion, the perfect way to describe how to compose a movie review paper is to supply you with a specific movie review examples. You will get a top-grade movie review essay example crafted depending on your specifications. The very first step in writing the review is to see the movie. A movie review writing guide provides the writer instructions on the best way to compose a movie review. The Demise of Samples Movie Review Essay One of the most intriguing insights learned from the movie is like you're in a classroom when attending your history class. From the start, the primary goal of Cesar Chavez was going to go past the farm laborers community and make a wide union that consisted of the civil rights of churches, activists, labor along with students. Be prepared for two or even 3 viewings, because it's almost not possible to observe all details on the very first endeavor. Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the ideal service for everything you want to understand about how to pick the best writing businesses. If you think you are not able to craft a stunning review of a film, think about turning to internet professionals for support. Once you locate a service you want, don't neglect to look at my review of it. Disney, as a manufacturing company, has existed for many decades. Check all of the background info, the history of producing the film and the original supply of its idea if there is one. Thus, you won't miss any important particulars. Your movie review should consist of accurate data and undeniable truth about the plot in order to add weight to your paper. Writing a film review is a complicated and long procedure. It is clear that everyone likes watching movies. It's very entertaining to see a film and to discuss that, so even such a task can become an outstanding experience. You need to be very attentive to every detail of the film even those that seem to don't have any meaning whatsoever. Regardles s of the simple fact there are many movie enthusiasts around, the majority of the individuals feel struggled when it has to do with creating a superb film review as it involves considering a given film from other angles. What Everybody Dislikes About Samples Movie Review Essay and Why Keep reading to discover how you are able to create your next essay as smooth as butter. Taking notes is additionally a good idea and will help the writing process by making it straightforward to refer to your in-the-moment ideas and reactions. Always be certain you take a look at the review my essay section of any writing service website you're thinking about using. If you would like not only write papers to have a superior score in the close of the program, yet to master the art of movie report writing, you have to be a film-savvy individual. Let's see ways to get started. You have to keep in mind a film review is likewise an academic work that must be written based on the established standar ds. A superb review will explain the method by which the film has enhanced the learning experience, but nevertheless, it should also offer an account of your private response. Read your paper a couple of times. The Downside Risk of Samples Movie Review Essay Unfortunately, developing a high-quality review might seem a tricky job, particularly for beginners. The various kinds of reviewers can provide different varieties of writing, which is something good in a marketplace that is rapidly becoming over-saturated. A very simple program Google Earth helps someone find his native residence, when he doesn't remember his address. To begin with, let's define the intention behind the job.

The Explosive Growth Of E Commerce - 1732 Words

The table below is the U.S. Census Bureaus reports a sharp increase in the retail E-commerce sales as a percent of total quarterly retail sales since the first quarter of 2006 to the last quarter of 2015. E-commerce sales in 2015 accounted for 7.3 percent of total sales, which is 0.9 percent higher than what it accounted in 2014. The explosive growth of E-commerce transactions greatly affects the revenue of sales taxes and has made whether to levy taxes on Internet sales a hot debate. From the consumers’, online retailers’, and technology companies’ position, imposing sales tax on Internet sales will somehow limit the growth of both E-commerce and the Internet usage. From the side of brick-and-mortar retailers and the government body, tax†¦show more content†¦The total revenue loss from e-commerce equals the total sales due to the Internet sales minus the amount of use taxes collected. However, a latest or cumulated loss from Internet sale occurs only wh en the tax on the transaction would have been collected without e-commerce. The final sales tax revenue loss should be the combination of these two factors. B2B transaction usually plays a significant role to the state and local government loss. For instance, in 2003, it was responsible for 70% of the expected incremental revenue loss, while B2C sales were responsible for the rest 30% (William). Other Factors that would lead to sales tax revenue loss Although E-commerce is the biggest factor that leads to a sale tax revenue loss, it is not the only reason. The shift of consumption patterns is the second foremost factors. With the shift to a greater consumption to the services and less consumption to the goods, the sales tax revenue will also be negatively affected, since the service are less taxed comparing with goods. As a result, the taxable goods purchase in Georgia fell by 8.2% in 2014, which is estimated to cost the state $389 million lost of sale tax revenue (Richards). The legislated exemptions will also narrow the tax base that will cause a decrease in the revenue. The switch from having sales tax on automobile purchase to the Title Ad Valorem Tax, the exemption of energy used for manufacturing and two sales tax holidays lead to 31% down Georgia’s